Web hosting is one of those core Internet concept that starts out easy and gets insanely confusing as you delve into it. 
Every website is ‘hosted’ somewhere.In other words, the ‘hosting’ entity runs a mechanism that not only provisions a given website but-most dangerously-makes it possible for other machines around the Internet to find that website on their machine. Many Internet Service Providers (AOL is the biggest but there are tens of thousands worldwide) offer physical space on their machines for their customers to create and administer their own website. The Provider (known as an ISP) runs the software that enable those websites to be found by folks looking for them around the world. (As you might imagine, there are still other entities exciting with managing the software, indexes and other widgets that keep track of tens of millions of web sites. Let’s not worry our heads about that at the moment). If you have a powerful enough machine and the right software, you can host your own website-and the websites of your family and friends, for with the intention of matter. Userland’s Frontier enables you to just that. Indeed, you can host your Radio weblog on your own machine as well.While these concept may seem intimidating (host my own website? You’ve got to be kidding …), many of us envision a day not too many years away when most of us will indeed host our own sites-or, to a certain extent, our personal computers will do that with a surprising minimum of fuss obligatory on our part.
Service scope
The scope of hosting services varies widely. The most fundamental is web page and small-scale file hosting, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a Web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web “as is” or with little processing. Many Internet service providers (ISPs) offer this service free to their subscribers. People can also get hold of Web page hosting from other, alternative service providers. Personal web site hosting is typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or cheap. Business web site hosting often has a advanced expense.Single page hosting is generally sufficient only for personal web pages. A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides database support and website submission development platforms (e.g. PHP, Java, Ruby on Rails, ColdFusion, and ASP.NET). These conveniences allow the customers to write or install scripts for applications like forums and content management. For e-commerce, SSL is also highly recommended. The host possibly will also provide an interface or control panel for managing the Web server and install scripts as well as other services like e-mail. Some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce). They are commonly used by larger companies to outsource network road and rail network to a hosting company. Hosting reliability and uptime refers to the percentage of time the host is accessible via the internet. Many providers state that they aim for at least 99.9% uptime (roughly equivalent to 45 minutes of downtime a month, or less), but there may be server restarts and planned (or unplanned) maintenance in any hosting environment, which may or may not be considered part of the official uptime promise. Many providers tie uptime and accessibility into their own check level agreement (SLA). SLAs sometimes include refunds or concentrated costs if performance goals are not met.
Types of web hosting services
Hosting services limited to the Web:Many large companies who are not internet service providers also need a computer permanently connected to the web so they can send email, files, etc. to other sites. They may also use the computer as a website host so they can provide details of their goods and services to anyone interested. Additionally these people may decide to place online orders.
Free web hosting service : Free web hosting is offered by different companies with limited services, every so often advertisement-supported web hosting, and is often limited when compared to paid hosting.
Shared web hosting service : one’s website is placed on the identical server as many other sites, ranging from a few to hundreds or thousands. Typically, all domains may share a common pool of server resources, such as RAM and the CPU. The features accessible with this type of service can be fairly extensive. A shared website may be hosted with a reseller.
Reseller web hosting : allows clients to become web hosts themselves. Resellers could function, for individual domains, under any combination of these listed types of hosting, depending on who they are associated with as a provider. Resellers’ accounts may vary tremendously in size: they may have their own virtual dedicated server to a collocated server. Many resellers provide a nearly indistinguishable service to their provider’s shared hosting plan and make available the technical support themselves.
Virtual Dedicated Server : also acknowledged as a Virtual Private Server (VPS for short) divides server resources into virtual servers, where resources can be allocated in a way that does not directly reflect the underlying hardware. VPS will often be allocated possessions based on a one server to many VPSs relationship, however virtualisation may be done for a number of reasons, including the ability to move a VPS container between servers. The users may have root right to use to their own virtual space. This is also known as a virtual private server or VPS. Customers be sometimes responsible for patching and maintaining the server.
Dedicated hosting service : the user gets his or her own Web server and gains full control over it (root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, the user uncharacteristically does not own the server. Another category of Dedicated hosting is Self-Managed or Unmanaged. This is usually the least expensive for Dedicated plans. The user has full administrative access to the box, which means the client is accountable for the security and maintenance of his own dedicated box.
Managed hosting service : the user gets his or her own Web server but is not allowed full control over it (root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, they are allowed to manage their data via FTP or other isolated management tools. The user is disallowed full control so that the provider can guarantee quality of service by not allowing the customer to modify the server or potentially create configuration problems. The user typically does not have the server. The server is leased to the client.
Colocation web hosting service : similar to the dedicated web hosting service, but the user owns the colo server; the hosting company provides physical space that the server takes up and takes care of the server. This is the most commanding and expensive type of the web hosting service. In most cases, the colocation provider may provide little to no support directly for their client’s machine, provided that only the electrical, Internet access, and storage services for the server. In most cases for colo, the client would have his have administrator visit the data center on site to do any hardware upgrades or changes.
Cloud hosting : is a new type of hosting platform that allows customers powerful, scalable and reliable hosting based on cluster load-balanced servers and helpfulness billing. Removing single-point of failures and allowing customers to pay for only what they use vs. what they could use.
Clustered hosting : having multiple servers hosting the same content for better resource operation. Clustered Servers are a perfect solution for high-availability dedicated hosting, or creating a scalable web hosting solution. A cluster may separate web plateful from database hosting competence.
Grid hosting : this form of distributed hosting is when a server cluster acts like a lattice and is composed of multiple nodes.
Home server : usually a single machine placed in a private dwelling can be used to host one or more web sites from a usually consumer-grade broadband connection. These can be purpose-built machines or more commonly old PCs. Some ISPs actively attempt to block home servers by disallowing inward bound requirements to TCP port 80 of the user connection and by refuse to provide static IP addresses. A widespread way to attain a reliable DNS hostname is by creating an account with a dynamic DNS service. A dynamic DNS service will automatically change the IP address that a URL points to when the IP address changes.
Some specific types of hosting provided by web host service providers:
- File hosting service: hosts files, not web pages
- Image hosting service
- Video hosting service
- Blog hosting service
- Shopping cart software
- One-click hosting
- Pastebin Hosts text snippets
Subscribing for a hosting service
Web hosting is often provided as part of a all-purpose Internet access plan; there are many free and paid providers offering these services.
A customer needs to weigh up the requirements of the application to choose what kind of hosting to use. Such considerations include database server software, scripting software, and operating system. Most hosting providers provide Linux-based web hosting which offer a wide range of different software. A typical configuration for a Linux server is the LAMP platform: Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP/Perl/Python. The webhosting client may want to have supplementary services, such at the same time as email for their business domain, databases or multi-media services for stream media. A customer may also choose Windows as the hosting platform. The customer still can choose from PHP, Perl, and Python but may also use ASP .Net or Classic ASP.Web hosting packages often embrace a Web Content Management System, so the end-user doesn’t have to worry about the more technical aspects. These Web Content Management systems are great for the average user, but for those who want more control greater than their website design, this feature may not be adequate. You can until the end of time use any content management system on your servers and modify them at your will. A few good examples include WordPress, Joomla, Drupal and Mediawiki.
One may also search the Internet to find active web hosting message boards and forums so as to may provide feedback on what type of webhosting company can suit his/her needs.
